THE FIRST KRIVOŠIJE UPRISING 1869.
View towards Dvoričko ždrijelo from Janko’s peak 
National leaders: Milan Đurov Radojičić, Đuko, Ćeto, Petar and Simo Samardžić, Nikola and Tomo Odalović, Todor Lazović, Ilija Vučurović, Jovo, Anto and Filip Subotić, Stevan Porobić, Andrija Dragojlović 
KRIVOŠIJE IN THE 19th CENTURY
During the second half of the 19th century, Krivošije slept its tribal dream in an inaccessible and poor part of Austria-Hungary. From the direction of Risan, you could get here by two paved horse paths.  In 1868, the Vienna Parliament passed the Landwehr Law, which introduced the obligation to serve in the army. Law enforcement began in September 1869.  
Women at the well
RIGHTS FROM THE VENICE AGE
Ever since the reign of the Venetians, Boka, and thus Krivošije, have enjoyed privileges – carrying personal weapons and serving the army on their own territory. At the Chief Assembly of Boka, held in Kotor on 27th September, a petition was signed that people of Krivošije, Grbalj, Pobori, Brajići and Majine do not want to give up those centuries-old rights. An insurgent committee was immediately formed in Krivošije, which issued a proclamation: „Enemies have trampled on our rights... rise knightly Boka Kotorska, falcons’ nest in the fir mountains… Go to the bright battle for freedom!“ They were supported by Herzegovinians and Montenegrins. 
An illustration from the world press, which closely followed the events during the uprising
CONFLICTS WITH THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN ARMY
The first clash took place on 7th October, when insurgents prevented a group of soldiers from passing towards Dragalj. Several soldiers were killed during the altercation, which was the reason why the governor of Dalmatia, Ivan Vagner, declared a state of emergency. He received 5 200 soldiers, 27 cannons and 179 horses at his disposal. He was also supported by 4 warships. 
Two unsuccessful expeditions soon followed. The insurgents, who knew the terrain well, easily moved, merged with natural shelters and intimidated the soldiers.  The third expedition, which started with 6 000 soldiers, was also defeated. Pitched battles were fought near Knežlaz, and the greatest losses were suffered by the imperial army in Dvoričko ždrijelo and during the attempt to break through to Dragalj.  After the failure of this expedition, the infantry retreated slowly towards Risan for days. A dozen of them died then, when they fell into Uglješa’s pit in the dark. 
Directions of army attacks¹
TRUCE
They were very dissatisfied in Vienna. At the beginning of December 1869, the newly appointed commander of the troops in Dalmatia, Lieutenant Marshal Baron Gavrilo Rodić, convinced the Emperor that the best solution was a compromise peace. An agreement was reached in Knežlaz on 11th January 1870, which was confirmed on behalf of the insurgents by Prince Milan Radojičić. The insurgents performed a symbolic act, laid down their weapons on the ground as a sign of consent and took them in their hands again. The insurgents were amnestied, their rights were extended for 12 years and they were compensated. The media in Vienna followed this with a series of negative comments and claims that the agreement “deeply offends the sense of military honor”.

Lieutenant Marshal Baron Gavrilo Rodić
TRUCE
After the reconciliation, other coastal tribes of Grbalj, Pobori, Majine and Brajići stopped the uprising. In the spring of 1875, Emperor Franz Joseph came to Boka, who was welcomed by, among others, Prince Milan Radojičić. The Emperor visited Krivošije on the last day and thus strengthened his reconciliation with the 1896 insurgents. 
  • Postcard with a photograph of a later agreement between the army and people of Krivošije, from 1900¹
  • Krivošije tribesmen in Kotor on the occasion of the arrival of Emperor Franz Joseph I²
¹ Source: Radojica Pavićević
² Source: Volker Pachauer
³ Source: Österreichisches Staatsarchiv
4 Source: Österreichische Gesellschaft für Festungsforschung

Important Note: Explore the fortresses and use the trails at your own risk.
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